本文目录
- 简介西方宗教 英文
- 推论 什么意思
- 几道MTI英语选择题
- 推论的的英文，推论的的翻译，怎么用英语翻译推论的
- 哪位英语高手帮忙翻译一下，万分感谢，着急
- 一个水平很差的英语翻译
- 英语问题 请问“每一个选择都有必然结果”怎么翻译 注意:不是“一个必然结果”
- 求关于炫耀性消费的英文介绍 120字左右就好
- 翻译英文：
- 美国总统西奥多.罗斯福生平英文简介
简介西方宗教 英文
Religion comes from either relegere (meaning to read or pursue together; the same root goes to legible and intelligent) or (much more likely and generally accepted) from relegare (to tie back, to bind fast); hence a religious man used to mean a monk tied by his vows; and the words ligament and ligature go back to the same root. For the Romans it meant being tied back, staying connected with ancestral customs and beliefs, a kind of loyalty; for the Christians the word would originally have meant being tied back, connected to God. However, the word used in Arabic and therefore in Islamic literature is ‘din’. In its literal usage, ‘din’ means obedience, being in debt, restoring one’s rights, adopting as a habit, forcing, calling to account, managing, rewarding or punishing, serving, lending and so on. Muslim theologians have described ‘din’ as the set of principles revealed by God through Prophets so that mankind should follow by free will in order to acquire happiness in both worlds.
The concept of religion may be viewed from two perspectives: the human or the Divine. The followers of the great world religions take religion to be God-revealed principles, values and commandments and therefore do not, in explaining the origin of religion, refer to man. By contrast, the modern Western imputes the origin of religion to man and then seeks to explain it away according to the different science of man — anthropology or sociology or psychology.
The reason why the modern Western way of thinking has developed in favor of a materialistic world-view
The still dominant attitudes among Westerners do not, unfortunately, allow them to regard Islam as a revealed religion and therefore what is understood by religion in the West is usually religion — the form into which it evolved in Christianity. The Qur’an (3.50) affirms that Jesus Christ came to restore the laws of the Torah, with the exception of making some unlawful things lawful: “And (I have come) confirming that which was before me of the Torah, and to make lawful some of that which was forbidden unto you. I come unto you with a sign from your Lord, so keep your duty to God and obey me.” It is possible to find the same in the Gospels. For example, in Matthew 5.17, Jesus declares: “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law (of Moses — American Bible Society) and the teachings of the Prophets. I have come not to do abolish them but to fulfil them (Gideons International) — to make their teachings come true (American Bible Society); to complete or perfect them (Bible Society, Turkish edition).” However, St Paul promoted his mission by separating the message of Jesus from its relationships and its origins in the religion and the Law of the Jews — and the Law has the same shaping and containing function for religion as the skin of a man has for his body — and thereby paved the way to the wedding of Christianity with Roman laws and rites and its development as a religion focused on the Kingdom of God in the next world, relegating nature and this world to a lesser (eventually seen as a secular) domain. That is part of the reason why the modern Western way of thinking has developed in favor of a materialistic world-view, rejecting the Divine origin of religion.
Western views of religion
According to the assumptions of modern Western thinking, humanity is in a continuous irresistible and irreversible flow or movement toward what is better. During this ‘progress’, it has gone through certain stages of intellectual and civilizational development. Among others also studying the origins of religion, anthropologists have concentrated on the theory of the evolution of religion and reached different conclusions. For Frazer (1854-1941) the origin was magic, for Taylor it was animism, for Schmidt it was original monotheism, and for others it was pre-animism, totemism, fetishism, or polytheism. Later anthropologists concentrated on rather the role of the religion in society than its origin. While social anthropologists saw religion as part of society and concentrated on field studies of particular tribes, or the analysis of myth, ritual and symbol, the cultural anthropologists saw it as a set of beliefs, rites and institutions.
In order to illustrate the differences of opinion that arise among those who, from within ignorance or other limitations, offer their definition of a matter, Jalal al-Din al-Rumi, a famous Muslim Sufi of the 13th century, made this analogy: some blind persons encounter an elephant and, on touching different parts of the animal’s body, offer their partial, inept and contradictory definitions of an elephant: one finds it to be a heavy, thick column, another a hard, flexible pipe, and so on. This is what those who try to explain the origin of religion have achieved in the West. Just as the anthropologists drew different conclusions, sociologists also put forward different opinions about the origin of religion.
The sociology of religion found its leading analysts in Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and Max Weber (1864-1920). The former stressed the social functions of religion as a stabilizing factor created by society as a means of expressing its ideals and unifying itself. Weber, more dynamic and positive about religion, saw religion’s prophetic side as an instrument for shaping and changing society and tried to work out what aspect of Western religious attitudes or culture shaped the formation of capitalism. Other sociologists focused more on particular religious groups and institutions.
The psychology of religion centers upon the individual and his or her religious experience. One of the main exponents of the psychology of religion was William James (1842-1910). He described the religion of the healthy-minded and the sick soul, the religion of the once-born and the twice-born, and the psychological basis of prayer, meditation, mysticism, and conversion. Freud, whose research was based on theories of infantile sexuality and who, despite opposition from friends, patients and medical colleagues, continued to develop these theories, emphasized the importance of childhood sexual experiences and regarded religion as necessary illusions (delusions) and projections. He also argued that dreams, like neuroses, were disguised manifestations of repressed sexual desires. More recent work in the psychology of religion has centered upon questions about how different religious people or institutions are, and upon analysis of what mature religious faith is, what the spiritual potentialities of human nature are, and what the stages are of religious development in children and adults.
The common denominator Western analysis of religion is that religion was invented by man as a result of either projecting repressed desires or weaknesses or of individual or collective efforts to systematize the beliefs and rites of particular communities. The corollary is that, as science develops, man will no longer have any need for religion and religion, which is, according to Feuerbach, a dogma contradicted by fire and life insurance policies, by railways and steam-ships, by modern military and industrial schools, by the theatres and science museums of modern society, and, according to Marx (1818-1883), is the opiate of the masses, will inevitably become a thing of the past. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) divides human history into three eras. The first era is the period of religion, when man lived a primitive life, in fear of natural events and forces, and needed to believe in a supreme being. The second era is the period of metaphysics, when man reached a considerable level of intellectual maturity. And the last era is the period of science, when there is no room (or need) for religion, because reason and science will solve all the problems of man. Some people may well continue to follow a reduced religion, comprising very basic moral and spiritual principles, in order to satisfy their emotional and spiritual needs and lead an upright life. But religion should not transgress its limits, and must not interfere in the collective, especially political, life of society. According to Ferdinand Buisson, the 19th century-French thinker, the secular approach to life will not wipe out religion altogether but will considerably diminish it, and destroy the force of its dogmas and the basis of its doctrines.
Before proceeding to criticize Western views of religion, we should give a summary of some other definitions of religion by Western thinkers or philosophers:
According to Hegel (1770-1830), religion is a certain view of the universe. Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), one of the Italian followers of Hegel, defines religion as a philosophy that is incomplete. Kant (1724-1804) deals with religion from the viewpoint of social morality and thinks that religion in practice is seeing all of our responsibilities as if Divine ordinances. Schleiermacher (1768-1834) sees religion is no more than a feeling or excitement, an emotion or noble sentiment, felt for eternity. While rejecting the social and political role of religion, Schleiermacher describes the spirit or essence of religion as an intuitive knowledge of the highest values in life and of the metaphysical dimension of existence. According to Ralph Otto, a contemporary theologian, religion is a mysterious fear combined with awe which both causes man to tremble and yet attracts him to itself. The definition of Emile Boutroux is one of the most complete: Religion is that faith and feelings demand their right besides the scientific view.
How can we criticize modern Western views of religion?
The positivistic view of religion adhered to by modern Western attitudes, directed by the dogmas of science and technology, is highly questionable. The positivist line which regards the sociological, economic, military and political level of the West as the final level mankind can attain has been severely criticized by even Western thinkers. In addition to the existentialistic tension and anxiety, Auguste Comte’s attempt, toward the end of his life — despite his view of religion as a mode of thinking or being that belongs to the second (long past) era of human history — to establish a humanistic religion shows that religion is not something to be denied or dismissed as belonging to some long past phase of human development. Also, despite the huge recent advances in science and technology, the extreme sexual freedom, the high standard of living and the high levels of education, there is a growing interest in and turning towards religion throughout the world. We have seen the emergence of new, primitive religions such as devil worship, the seeking of contentment through authentic or false supernormal phenomena such as telepathy, necromancy, sorcery and fortune-telling. Moreover, as Erich Fromm puts it, we still see the pursuit of security and guarantees for the future through increased association with insurance companies, trade unions, mighty governments, holdings and pacts. We have seen the collapse of Communist systems and return to religion in once Communist countries. All these show that the theories that religion was the product or projection or delusion of primitive men or infantile sexuality or regressed sexual desires, that people first created primitive, polytheistic religions and then evolved them into monotheism, that religion has been replaced (or contradicted) by fire and life insurances, by the reliability of railways, steam-ships, etc., and expelled from the galleries of he modern arts and sciences, etc, and that there would no longer be any need for religion, and that religion is the opium of people — have been proved false. And these events and trends also demonstrate that, whether sociological or anthropological or psychological, the studies of religion in the West are based on wrong premises.
Whereas religion is a rising value in the world and more and more people turn to it everyday, modern Western civilization is severely questioned and shows signs of inward decay, while outwardly at the peak of its dominion. Having lived through the first quarter of the century, Oswald Spengler, a famous German sociologist, prophesied the collapse of this civilization with all its skyscrapers, huge metropolises and railways and foretold that it would be an ethnographic museum. ‘Refined’ Western intellectuals and scientists such as Rene Guenon, Alexis Carrel, Max Planck, Pasternak, James Jeans and Schwartz, have argued that by means of religion humanity would live another era of happiness. Also, as stated above, the re-emergence of missionary churches in increasing numbers in Christendom and the return to Islamic values all over the Muslim world despite the stern measures taken against Islam by native governments for several decades, demonstrate that it is almost impossible to defeat religion.
推论 什么意思
推论
【拼音】tuīlùn
【英文】inference
【词性】名词,动词,
【释义】用语言的形式进行推理：根据事实推论。
几道MTI英语选择题
1.B based 首先谓语是anticipate，预测，整句的意思是在读故事的时候，我们预测 接下来发生的情节是以我们记忆中已经发生的内容为基础的，短语be based on sth，排除A和C, 这个短语在做非谓语的时候，没有to be based这种用法，基本直接第一眼就可以排除D了，所以选B。
2.A outcome， 单词的意思：outcome结果，中性词；consequence后果，中性词、偏消极；end结束、结尾；corollary推论，整句的意思是协商讨论仍然在进行，外面的人们焦急的等待着 ---结果，选A。
3.D are being converted to， convert A to/into B,把A转化成B,整句意思应该是随着社会的发展进步，森林正在被转化成农业用地和城市用地，森林是被转化的，所以排除A和B，而C是convert from, 意思不对，所以选D，are being converted to, 现在进行时的被动语态，强调正在进行，正在被转化，是个过程。
4. D disintegrated, 单词意思：decompose 分解腐烂，distribute 贡献，dissolved 溶解，disintegrated 分解解体。整句的意思应该是，根据国家发，在大选之前，国会将被解体。
-corollary英文
推论的的英文，推论的的翻译，怎么用英语翻译推论的
你好！
推论
inference 英
n. 推理; 推断; 推论;
There were two inferences to be drawn from her letter.
由她的信可以得出两个结论。
-corollary英文
哪位英语高手帮忙翻译一下，万分感谢，着急
海军裁军的失败导致与它，作为一个自然推论，对海军重新武装的需求。 逆转不是自动的。 尝试解除武装继续在需要重整军备以后变得明显。 而且，海军局限的失望没有带来与它一个直接轮给无限的重新武装。 有选择被寻找的转折期。 对于英国政府，包围由飘摇的经济和无动于衷的公众，从裁军政策的轮对重新武装政策不是一容易一个。 它介入了许多选择和妥协。 困境，在他们测试在过渡阶段期间之前的英国政府和各种各样的解答是第三条螺纹在这项研究中。
-corollary英文
一个水平很差的英语翻译
One
level
is
very
po’o’r
这条规律优秀的人才从不在市场上求职有一个推论，那就是在人才市场上找工作的，大部分都是一些水平很差、完全达不到要求的人。
The
corollary
of
that
rule
the
rule
that
the
great
people
are
never
on
the
market
is
that
the
bad
people
the
seriously
unqualified
are
on
the
market
quite
a
lot.
blog.sina.com.cn
2
在打了一场水平很差的高尔夫球赛后，一个著名的俱乐部球员离开俱乐部会馆准备回家。
After
a
particularly
poor
game
of
golf,
a
popular
club
member
skipped
the
clubhouse
and
started
to
go
home.
www.dictall.com
3
为此，本文采用异方差回归分析理论，建立了一种测定-εN曲线和P&εN曲线的整体推断方法，该方法能够将不同应变水平下的试验数据作为一个整体进行统计分析，可以很好地处理散点数据和异方差数据。
Therefore,
an
integral
inference
method
for
ε-N
and
P-ε-N
curves
is
presented
based
on
the
heteroscedasticity
regression
analysis
theory.
It
can
analyze
scattered
and
heteroscedastic
data
through
treating
all
the
experiment
data
in
different
strain
levels
as
an
integration.
dict.cnki.net
4
我们很难想象一个课堂教学技能水平差的教师可以成功地上一节高效，生动、引人入胜的课。
We
can
hardly
imagine
a
teacher
who
is
bad
at
teaching
skills
can
give
an
effective,
interesting
and
successful
lesson.
www.fabiao.net
-corollary英文
英语问题 请问“每一个选择都有必然结果”怎么翻译 注意:不是“一个必然结果”
对应的英语：
1) Every chioce has inevitable results.
2) Each selection has corollary.
求关于炫耀性消费的英文介绍 120字左右就好
你好，小恶魔BAMMBINO
为你提供的下文，简要阐述了conspicuous consumption概念及炫耀性消费的目标。希望能帮得上你。
Conspicuous consumption
Conspicuous consumption is a term used to describe the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying income or wealth. In the mind of a conspicuous consumer, such display serves as a means of attaining or maintaining social status. A very similar but more colloquial term is “keeping up with the Joneses“.
Invidious consumption, a necessary corollary, is the term applied to consumption of goods and services for the deliberate purpose of inspiring envy in others.
One goal of conspicuous consumption was marriage into the upper classes. In fact marriages were often arranged between the respectable old rich and new rich in order to refinance members of the upper classes, who were frequently less than solvent.
-corollary英文
翻译英文：
Abstract:
With the thin-walled beams project more and more applications, thin-walled beam deep into the various areas, with a small weight saving materials and so on. Studied mechanical shear stress, shear stress is mostly applied reciprocal theorem and its corollary (cross-section near the boundary of the shear stress and boundary parallel), first determine the direction of shear stress, shear stress values in the study. Determine the direction of shear stress in cross section are based on three: first, near the boundary of the shear stress and boundary parallel; second, the direction of shear stress must be consistent with the corresponding internal force; third shear stress direction, the size should be a continuous change of. Solid beam of shear stress on the most outer layer, most can be ignored, and the thin-walled beam on to die, engineering thin-walled beam cross-section of the shear stress show an important role.
Key words: thin-walled beamAbstract:
With the thin-walled beams project more and more applications, thin-walled beam deep into the various areas, with a small weight saving materials and so on. Studied mechanical shear stress, shear stress is mostly applied reciprocal theorem and its corollary (cross-section near the boundary of the shear stress and boundary parallel), first determine the direction of shear stress, shear stress values in the study. Determine the direction of shear stress in cross section are based on three: first, near the boundary of the shear stress and boundary parallel; second, the direction of shear stress must be consistent with the corresponding internal force; third shear stress direction, the size should be a continuous change of. Solid beam of shear stress on the most outer layer, most can be ignored, and the thin-walled beam on to die, engineering thin-walled beam cross-section of the shear stress show an important role.
Key words: thin-walled beam tangential stress intensity application
-corollary英文
美国总统西奥多.罗斯福生平英文简介
中英文结合
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Twenty-Sixth President
1901-1909
Married to Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt
西奥多*罗斯福
第二十六任总统
1901-1909
娶爱蒂斯*凯姆丽*卡罗*罗斯福为妻
With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation\’s history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.
随着麦金利总统被暗杀,西奥多*罗斯福（尚未43岁）成为美国历史上最年轻的总统。他为总统的职位带来新的活力，正如他热力四射地引导国会和美国大众进行锐利的改革和强势的外交政策。
He took the view that the President as a “steward of the people“ should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution.“ I did not usurp power,“ he wrote, “but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power.“
他认为：总统是人民的公仆，应该采取一切尽可能的行动为大众谋福利，除非是法律和宪法法禁止的。他写道：“我不会越权，但我应该在我的权力范围内为最大程度地利用它。
Roosevelt\’s youth differed sharply from that of the log cabin Presidents. He was born in New York City in 1858 into a wealthy family, but he too struggled--against ill health--and in his triumph became an advocate of the strenuous life.
罗斯福的年轻和以往的总统有极大的不同。1858年，他出生在纽约市一个富裕的家庭。但他和病魔作斗争，并最后战胜。这使他成为紧张生活方式的拥护者。
In 1884 his first wife, Alice Lee Roosevelt, and his mother died on the same day. Roosevelt spent much of the next two years on his ranch in the Badlands of Dakota Territory. There he mastered his sorrow as he lived in the saddle, driving cattle, hunting big game--he even captured an outlaw. On a visit to London, he married Edith Carow in December 1886.
1884年，他的第一任妻子和他的母亲在同一天去世。在接下来的两年时间里，他在达科他荒地上的大农场度过。为了战胜自己的悲伤，他骑马、赶牛、打猎——他甚至还抓到一个亡命之徒。1886年12月，在一次伦敦的访问中，他和爱蒂斯*卡罗结婚。
During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment, which he led on a charge at the battle of San Juan. He was one of the most conspicuous heroes of the war.
在美西战争中，罗斯福是大骑兵团的中校。他率领他们在圣*胡安战役中冲锋。他成为一个家喻户晓的战争英雄。
Boss Tom Platt, needing a hero to draw attention away from scandals in New York State, accepted Roosevelt as the Republican candidate for Governor in 1898. Roosevelt won and served with distinction.
鲍斯*汤姆*浦拉特需要一个英雄，使人们注意力从纽约州丑闻中转移。于他接受罗斯福作为共和党的1898年纽约州长候选人。罗斯福胜出，并且政绩卓著。
As President, Roosevelt held the ideal that the Government should be the great arbiter of the conflicting economic forces in the Nation, especially between capital and labor, guaranteeing justice to each and dispensing favors to none.
作为总统，罗斯福有一种观点：政府应该是国家经济冲突中的裁判者，尤其是在劳资之间，应保证对任何一方公平、不偏袒一方。
Roosevelt emerged spectacularly as a “trust buster“ by forcing the dissolution of a great railroad combination in the Northwest. Other antitrust suits under the Sherman Act followed.
罗斯福他迫使西北一个巨大的铁路联合体分解，从此作为一个“托拉斯的摧毁者”引起人们的注意。随后他在谢尔曼法案的进行其它的反托拉斯诉讼。
Roosevelt steered the United States more actively into world politics. He liked to quote a favorite proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick. . . . “
罗斯福坚持美国应该更为积极地参与世界政治。他喜欢引用一个众所周知的谚语：“拿着大棒，说话小声”。
Aware of the strategic need for a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific, Roosevelt ensured the construction of the Panama Canal. His corollary to the Monroe Doctrine prevented the establishment of foreign bases in the Caribbean and arrogated the sole right of intervention in Latin America to the United States.
意识到缩短大西洋和太平洋的战略需要，罗斯福决定建造巴拿马运河。他对门罗主义的延伸是：阻止在加勒比海建立外国的基地，并声称唯有美国才有权干涉拉丁美洲。
He won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War, reached a Gentleman\’s Agreement on immigration with Japan, and sent the Great White Fleet on a goodwill tour of the world.
他因调停日俄战争而获得诺贝尔和平奖，与日本就移民问题达成绅士协议，而且派遣大白舰队进行全球友好航行。
Some of Theodore Roosevelt\’s most effective achievements were in conservation. He added enormously to the national forests in the West, reserved lands for public use, and fostered great irrigation projects.
几个西奥多*罗斯福的最出名的成绩是关于保护措施的。他在西部增加许多的国家森林，保留许多土地供公共使用，而且赞同大规模的移民方案。
He crusaded endlessly on matters big and small, exciting audiences with his high-pitched voice, jutting jaw, and pounding fist. “The life of strenuous endeavor“ was a must for those around him, as he romped with his five younger children and led ambassadors on hikes through Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C.
事无巨细，他都要不断地进行改革。他用他那高扬的声音、突出的下颚和强有力的拳头激励着听众。“生命要奋发图强”是他周围的人必须做到，不管是在他调皮地和他五个小孩玩的时候还是他引着大使们徒步穿过华盛顿克里克石头公园。
Leaving the Presidency in 1909, Roosevelt went on an African safari, then jumped back into politics. In 1912 he ran for President on a Progressive ticket. To reporters he once remarked that he felt as fit as a bull moose, the name of his new party.
1909年，罗斯福离开总统职位到非洲施行。回国后又投身政治。1912年，他以压倒多数的票数竟选总统。据报道，他曾评论他觉得用公牛作为他新政党的名称更为适合。
While campaigning in Milwaukee, he was shot in the chest by a fanatic. Roosevelt soon recovered, but his words at that time would have been applicable at the time of his death in 1919: “No man has had a happier life than I have led; a happier life in every way.“
当在密尔沃基竟选时，他被一个狂徒射中胸膛。罗斯福很快就复元了，而他在当时讲的话或许更为适合他在1919年去世时：“没有人有过比我更为幸福的生活-在任何方面都幸福的生活”。
-corollary英文
