夜游宫 记梦寄师伯浑 陆游的背景？跪求初中英语复习资料紧急！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

　　夜游宫 .记梦寄师伯浑　　雪晓清笳乱起，梦游处、不知何地。铁骑无声望似水。想关河：雁门西，青海际。 睡觉寒灯里，漏声断、月斜窗纸。自许封侯在万里。有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死！　　陆游有大量抒发爱国主义激情的记梦诗，在词作里也有。这首《夜游宫》，主题就是这样。师伯浑是陆游认为很有本事的人，是在四川交上的新朋友，够得上说是同心同调，所以把这首记梦词寄给他看。　　上片写的是梦境。一开头就渲染了一幅有声有色的关塞风光画面，雪、笳、铁骑等特定的北方事物，放在秋声乱起和如水奔泻的动态中写，有力地把读者吸引到作者的词境里来。中间突出一句点明这是梦游所在。先说是迷离惝恍的梦，不知是什么地方；然后进一步引出联想——是在梦中的联想，这样的关河，必然是雁门、青海一带了。这里，是单举两个地方以代表广阔的西北领土。这样莽苍雄伟的关河如今落在谁的手里呢？那就不忍说了。作者深厚的爱国感情，凝聚在短短的九个字中，给人以非恢复河山不可的激励，从而过渡到下片。　　下片写梦醒后的感想。一灯荧荧，斜月在窗，漏声滴断，周围一片死寂。冷落的环境，反衬出作者报国雄心的火焰却在熊熊燃烧。自许封侯万里之外的信心，是何等执着。人老而心不死，自己虽然离开南郑前线回到后方，可是始终不忘要继续参加抗战工作。“有谁知”三字，表现了作者对朝廷排斥爱国者的行径的愤怒谴责。梦境和实感，上下片呵成一气，有机地联系着，使五十七字的中调，具有壮阔的境界和教育人们为国献身的思想内涵。　　陆游，南宋诗人。字务观，号放翁。越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人。祖父陆佃，徽宗时官至尚书右丞，后被罢知亳州。父陆宰，官朝请大夫，直秘阁。陆游出身于一个由“贫居苦学”而仕进的世宦家庭。他诞生和成长的年代，正当宋王朝腐败不振、屡遭金国(女真族)进犯的时候。陆游诞生的第二年，金兵即攻陷宋朝首都汴京（今河南开封），他随父陆宰向南逃亡，在“经旬不炊”和夜闻金兵马嘶中，历尽艰辛，逃至寿春（今安徽寿县），后又逃归故乡山阴。饱经丧乱的生活感受，群情激昂的抗敌气氛，给童年时代的陆游留下难忘的印象，并受到深刻的爱国主义教育。

初中英语复习资料 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing be afraid to do (of sth ) 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I’m afraed to go out at night I’m afraid of dog be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I’m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don’t be angry with me be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water be glad+to+do/从句 be going to + v(原） 将来时 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 be like 像…… eg : I’m like my mother be mad at 生某人的气 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 be sick in bed 生病在床 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you be sorry to hear that be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He’s strict in obeying noles be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 be the same as … 和什么一样 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作 be worth doing 值得做什么 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let’s begin the game with the song I begin to go home between…and… 两者之间 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 ) eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen ) both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I’m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He’s bothering me to lend him money by the end of 到……为止 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang care 关心 eg : Don’t you care about this country’s future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 catch up with sb 赶上某人 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 come in 进来 come over to 过来 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ communicate with sb 和某人交流 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？ dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 decide to do sth 决定做某事 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 do better in 在……方面做得更好 do wrong 做错 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 Don’t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… each +名（单）每一个…… eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 end up +doing enjoy +doing 喜欢 escape from 从……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出 expect to do sth 期待做某事 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样？ eg : I find the book interesting finish 完成+doing（名词） fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don’t forget to go home I forget closing door from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…… eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） get a part-time job = find a part-time job get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 get sb to do sth get…from… 从某处得到某物 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 go fishing 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 go out away from go out of go to school 上学（用于专业的） go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） a good way to 好方法 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 have to do sth 必须做某事 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 have…time +doing have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 help a lot 很大用处 help sb with sth \one’s sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don’t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 He don’t know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句 eg: I’ll go to LuZhou if it does’t rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 I’ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 in one’s opinion = sb think 某人认为 in some ways 在某些方面 in the end = finally(adv) 最后 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ） in the sun 在太阳下 increase 增加 eg : They’ve increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now instead of +（名 ） 代替 eg: I’d like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook It’s +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 It’s +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 It’s +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It’s +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样 It’s +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It’s +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : It’s nice of you to help me with my English It’s a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 It’s important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It’s important to me It’s time to do sth It’s time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It’s time to have class It’s time for class 该去上课了 join = take part in 参加 just now 刚才 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？ keep out 不让 …… 进入 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don’t langh at others We langhed at the joke learn by oneslfe 自学 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng learn to do sth 学做某事 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn’t let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 live from :离某地远 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan look after = take care of 照顾 照看 lose one’s way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you make it early 把时间定的早一点 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成 make…difference to… mind sb to do mind one’s doing 介意……做什么 most +名 most of +代 much too +形容词 must be 一定 need +名词 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词） no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing no +名词 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn’t cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭 not… (形 、副）at all eg: He’s not tall at all she doesn’t junp far at all not…at all 一点都不 203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don’t japanse either I don’t have sister, either 我也没有姐姐 not…until 直到……才…… eg: I didn’t sleep until my mother came back The child didn’t stop crying until I give her sugar offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水 on one’s way to… 在谁去那的路上 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 on time 准时 in time 及时 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 one of +可数名词的复数形式 one to another 一个到另一个 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱 please +do please help yourself pleased with sb pool into = pore into practice +doing 练习做某事 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿 eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句 eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 rather…than 宁可……也不……;而不是，胜于 eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 regard…as 把……当作…… eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么 eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy send +sb sth 送给某人某物 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It’s only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book. show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her. some…others… 一些……另一些…… start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始 stay away from 远离…… eg : We’re told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物 If you want to lose weight you’d better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 stop doing 停下正在做的事 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 such +名 这样 ，这种 suit sb 适合某人 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇 take classes 上课 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于…… talk with sb 和某人说话 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story tell…from… thank you for +doing the same +名词(doing)+as…… the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing sth 做某方面 的方法 the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g : Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English the way to…（地点） 到哪的路 too…to… 太怎样而不能…… adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句 太… 所以… eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can’t go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese travel with sb 和某人去旅游 try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 eg: I will try my best to learn English well try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了 eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 upside down 倒着 visit to… 参观某个地方 wait for sb 等某人 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么 wait for sb 等某人 wait for sometime 等多少时间 eg : Would you please wait for me to get ready 等我准备好，好吗？ Let’s wait for the rain to stop 让我们等雨停吧 wake sb up 把某人叫醒 want to do sth 想做某事 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 welcome to +…（地方） 欢迎到…… what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple what if 如果……怎么办 What if +句子 eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么办？ What if aliens should come to the earth 假如外星人来到地球怎么办？ what they will do = what to do What’s the matter ? = What’s the trouble ? = What’s wrong ? 有什么困难？ while +延续性动词 why don’t you do = why not do will you please do will you please not do with one’s best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 with one’s help work at…在某处工作 work with sb 和某人一起工作 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou would you please +do yet :至今 ，用在否定句中 you’d better do 最好做某事 = you’d better not do 最好不要做某事 不定式 +v(原） 联系动词（taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/semll闻起来）+adj 名词、副词、 形容词修饰 enongh 时, 形容词放在之前 ， 名词 副词放在之后 太多 too much +不可数 too many +可数 much too 相当于 very ，修饰形容词 向宾语提问：Whom 向地点提问：Where 向方式提问：How 向价格和不可数名词提问：How much 向可数名词提问：How many 向频率提问： How often 向时间段提问：How long 向时间提问：what time/when 向物主代词提问：Whose 向职业提问：what do/does……do 向主语提问： Who 在将来时中，……以后（用 in ） 一般时态中，……以后（用 after ）